Figure 5.
Panel a compares 1 g jacked 50 g S N F-A 03 with buried 50 g S N F-A 01. The left graph presents V model from negative 2 to 8 kilonewtons against w model from negative 2 to 3 millimetres. The 1 g jacked curve rises to about 6.2 kilonewtons at about 2.5 millimetres, while the buried curve rises to about 4.5 kilonewtons at about 2.6 millimetres. Both curves form closed loading and unloading loops. The region at negative displacement carries the label compression tension. The right graph presents V prototype from negative 5 to 20 meganewtons against w prototype and w divided by D from negative 0.2 to 0.2. The 1 g jacked curve rises to about 15.5 meganewtons, while the buried curve rises to about 11.2 meganewtons. Both curves form similar loops with the 1 g jacked response remaining higher throughout most of the loading path. Panel b compares 1 g jacked 100 g S N F-A 06 with buried 100 g S N F-A 05. The left graph presents V model from negative 0.5 to 2.0 kilonewtons against w model from negative 2 to 2 millimetres. The 1 g jacked curve rises to about 1.7 kilonewtons at about 1.5 millimetres, while the buried curve rises to about 1.25 kilonewtons at about 1.5 millimetres. Both curves form closed loops and the negative displacement region carries the label compression tension. The right graph presents V prototype from negative 5 to 20 meganewtons against w prototype and w divided by D from negative 0.2 to 0.2. The 1 g jacked curve rises to about 16.7 meganewtons, while the buried curve rises to about 12.5 meganewtons. Both curves follow similar loop shapes, with the 1 g jacked response remaining above the buried response over most of the displacement range.Quantification of installation effects. Comparison of 1g-jacked to pre-installed buried piles tested at: (a) 50 g and (b) 100 g. Load–deformation response in model (left) and prototype (right) scale for compression and pull-out