Figure 6.
Panel a compares miniature concrete S N F-A 08 with epoxy-sand coating S N F-A 03. The horizontal axis gives w model from negative 2 to 4 millimetres and w divided by D from negative 10 to 20 per cent. The vertical axis gives V model from negative 2 to 8 kilonewtons and V prototype from negative 5 to 20 meganewtons. Both curves form closed loading and unloading loops. The miniature concrete curve rises from about 0 to 6.0 kilonewtons at about 1.5 millimetres and then returns along a steep unloading path. The epoxy-sand coating curve rises from about 0 to 6.2 kilonewtons at about 2.5 millimetres and follows a wider loop with larger displacement. The negative displacement region carries the label compression tension. Panel b compares 1 g jacked S N F-A 03, buried curtain S N F-A 01, and buried hopper S N F-A 07. All three curves begin near 0 and form closed loops. The 1 g jacked curve reaches about 6.2 kilonewtons at about 2.6 millimetres. The buried hopper curve reaches about 5.9 kilonewtons at about 2.6 millimetres. The buried curtain curve reaches about 4.5 kilonewtons at about 2.6 millimetres. The corresponding prototype values reach about 15.5, 15.0, and 11.2 meganewtons. The 1 g jacked response remains highest, the buried hopper response remains intermediate, and the buried curtain response remains lowest over most of the loading path.Influence of: (a) shaft interface, comparing solid-section aluminium piles with epoxy-sand coating (SNF-A03) to miniature RC piles (SNF-A08) tested at 50 g and (b) pluviation method, comparing a stationary hopper-type (SNF-A07) to a curtain-type (SNF-A01) pluviation system for pre-installed buried piles, compared to the 1g-jacked piles (SNF-A03), all tested at 50 g