Figure 7.
The panel a shows a hopper above a container with a vertical reinforcement element partly embedded in sand. A falling stream passes beside the reinforcement element, and the hopper has a horizontal movement arrow. Loose zones, shadowing appear around the embedded portion of the reinforcement. Panel b shows a vertical actuator above a container with a reinforcement element pushed into sand. The reinforcement extends below the container surface into the sand. Dense and sheared zones appear around the embedded portion of the reinforcement.Expected disturbance around the pile during the preparation process: (a) pre-installed buried piles and (b) 1g-jacking installation