Figure 14.
The left column compares 1 g jacked and air pluviation cases at 50 g and 100 g. The upper left graph plots M prime in meganewton metres against rotation from 0 to 0.10 radians. All curves rise rapidly at small rotations and then increase more gradually. The 1 g jacked 50 g curve reaches about 28 meganewton metres at 0.10 radians. The 1 g jacked 100 g curve reaches about 27. The air pluviation 50 g and 100 g curves reach about 22 and 21. Red markers indicate points where the trailing pile reaches tension, and an annotation marks modelling effects between the jacked and pluviation curves. The middle left graph plots displacement w in metres against rotation from 0 to 0.10 radians. The jacked curves initially decrease to about negative 0.02 metres and then increase to about negative 0.07 metres. The pluviation curves decrease to about negative 0.04 metres before increasing. Green markers indicate points where the trailing pile reaches pullout. The lower left graph plots K R, axial in meganewton metre per radian against theta in radians from 0.001 to 0.1. The jacked curves begin near 1600 and decrease to about 250 to 300. The pluviation curves begin near 850 and decrease to about 200 to 250. The right column compares the 1 g jacked 50 g response with an adjusted prototype response. The upper right graph shows both curves starting together near 15 meganewton metres. The adjusted prototype curve rises more steeply, reaches about 28 meganewton metres near 0.03 radians, then joins the 1 g jacked curve. A shaded region marks scale effects between the curves. The middle right graph shows the adjusted prototype reaching about negative 0.04 metres near 0.03 radians before returning toward the 1 g jacked curve, with a shaded region marking the difference between the responses. The lower right graph shows both stiffness curves starting near 1600 meganewton metre per radian. Between about 0.01 and 0.05 radians, the adjusted prototype remains above the 1 g jacked curve before both decrease toward lower stiffness values, and a shaded region marks the scale effects.The effect of physical modelling choices and the unavoidable scale effects on the rocking response ( of an idealised 2 × 1 pile group, employing a simple analytical spring model assembly