Figure 3
The flow begins with integrating functionality. Then five categories are identified. Strength and ductility includes S S to C u, M-S S to A-S S, N i to C u, T i to A l, C o to T i, C o to S S, and N i to S S. Wear resistance includes M-S S to A-S S, C o to S S, and C o to T i. Thermal and electrical conductivity includes C u to S S or T S, C u to N i, C u to T i, and A g to C u. Corrosion resistance includes pure T i to T i and N i to S S. Shape memory and super elasticity includes N i T i to T i.Integrated functionalities and their associated alloying systems as reported in the literature and studied in this paper
Note(s):SS refers to stainless steels, M-SS to martensitic stainless steels, A-SS to austenitic stainless steels, Ni represents nickel alloys, Cu denotes copper alloys, Ti stands for titanium alloys and Co signifies cobalt alloys
Source: Authors’ own work