Figure 5
A flowchart diagram illustrating the lifecycle decision-making process and carbon lock-in in construction projects. The diagram is divided into five main stages: Planning, Design, Procurement, Construction, and Operation & End-of-Life. Each stage includes key decisions and their influence on lifecycle impacts. The Planning stage involves setting the strategic context and project direction, with key decisions including site selection, building typology, and adaptation versus new build. The Design stage focuses on defining solutions, quantifying impacts, and setting the basis, with key decisions on structural systems, material selection, and building form. The Procurement stage involves selecting suppliers, setting requirements, and allocating value, with key decisions on tender evaluation criteria and low-carbon and circularity requirements.Lifecycle decision making and carbon lock in