Figure 2
A circular diagram divided into four colored quadrants labeled A, P, C, and D, each representing a phase of railway safety management. The phases are Assess and Advance, Systematize and Support, Execute and Enforce, and Respond and Recover. Each phase is connected by arrows indicating a cyclical process. The outer ring of the circle is labeled with the phases and their descriptions, surrounded by a gray ring labeled Technology and Cultural Support System.The SERA model diagram of China's railway safety management system. Source: Author’s own work