Figure 1
A diagram comparing key modeling methodologies. It includes three main categories: Geometric Model, Physical Model, and Behavior Model. Each category is further divided into specific methodologies such as BIM-GIS Integration, Finite Element Method, Data-Driven, Multi-Body Dynamics, and Hybrid Model. The diagram also shows the composition and modeling requirements, and a central image of a train track with sensors.Comparison of key modeling methodologies. Source: Authors’ own work