Figure 2
The diagram is divided into four sections: Optimization Algorithms, Signal Processing, Model Updating Algorithms, and Comprehensive. Each section contains specific algorithms and their applications. Optimization Algorithms include Improved MOPSO algorithm and SVM and LS-SVM regression algorithms aimed at improving model accuracy and efficiency. Signal Processing features the IDB-VMD-FastICA algorithm combination for signal processing and rail corrugation parameter identification. Model Updating Algorithms involve the Genetic Algorithm for calibrating finite element models to achieve accurate simulations and improving model consistency with the actual system. The Comprehensive section discusses the integration and application of multiple algorithms, summarizing development trends and integrating various algorithm advantages to promote future innovation.Key algorithm system and application mapping diagram of rail digital twin. Source: Authors’ own work