Figure 5.
The plot compares R e raised to 1 over 2 C f against xi. The horizontal axis is xi and ranges from 0.0 to about 1.7. The vertical axis is R e raised to 1 over 2 C f and ranges from below minus 10 to above 50. The legend states W e equals 0.5 for Williamson and equals 0.0 for Newtonian. Solid curves represent Williamson. Dashed curves represent Newtonian. The R i values are 0, 5, and 10. All curves stay close to 0 near xi 0.0, dip below 0, and then oscillate with increasing amplitude as xi increases. Higher R i curves rise to higher peaks. The largest peaks occur near the right side, with the highest dashed curve rising above 50. An arrow points upward through the curve group to mark the R i progression.Variations of We and Ri on surface drag