Figure 2
The horizontal axis shows three categories: “No A I”, “Moderate A I”, and “High A I”. The vertical axis ranges from 0 to 70 in increments of 10 units. The legend lists five measures: “Cognitive engagement”, “Number of generated ideas”, “Originality”, “Feasibility”, and “Overconfidence”. Each category displays five box plots. For the Cognitive engagement: Under No A I, the median is near 31, the whiskers extend from about 25 to 37, and the box spans roughly 28 to 33. Under Moderate A I, the median is near 49, the whiskers range from about 44 to 55, the box spans approximately 47 to 51, and one outlier appears near 57. Under High A I, the median is around 35, the whiskers extend from about 29 to 42.5, the box spans roughly 34 to 37.5, and one outlier appears near 28. For the remaining four box plots in each A I category, the general trend shows values increasing at Moderate A I and decreasing at No A I and High A I. The values for No A I remain below 6, while the values for High A I range between 2 and 10. Note: All numerical values are approximated.Box plot of cognitive engagement, number of generated ideas, originality, feasibility, and overconfidence by ai assistance level. Source: Authors’ own elaboration