Figure 3.
The model contains 3 main concept boxes and 1 final oval. Formal E S G Commitments connects to Operational Governance Failure through arrow P 1. Institutional Fragility, with weak enforcement and monitoring, connects upward to the same pathway through arrow P 2. Operational Governance Failure connects to Global Value Chain, G V C, Disruption through arrow P 3. The arrows indicate a sequence from formal E S G commitments to operational governance failure and then to global value chain disruption, with institutional fragility feeding into the relationship between formal E S G commitments and operational governance failure.Conceptual framework: institutional fragility, ESG commitments and GVC disruption
Source: Author’s own work