Figure 8.
The multi-stage framework spans deterministic, probabilistic, and optimisation phases. The left box lists capabilities at micro firm level, including multinational configuration, I P R institutionalisation, political capabilities, strategic management tools, and frameworks. Stage one identification covers macro country level and micro firm level with political risk and uncertainty definition, factors, and dimensions. Stage two assessment lists macro and meso moderators such as institutional quality, diplomatic partnerships, trade relationships, tariffs, political animosity, default risk, protectionism, demand uncertainty, G D P growth, and competition, leading to perceived or measurable I P R. Two micro moderator boxes list firm level and T M T level factors including experience, networks, risk perception, cultural distance, and uncertainty perception. Stage three choice includes macro, meso, micro firm, T M T, and individual investor levels with location choice, entry mode, ownership, and portfolio investment. Stage three strategy lists macro, meso, and micro firm strategies, including diversification, standardisation, integration, lobbying, and political behaviours. The outcome box lists financial performance, resilience, subsidiary survival, and project success, with a learning loop returning to earlier stages.Structured multilevel decision-making framework for IPRM