Figure 1
This figure explains the Physical Internet foundations framework in a simple, layered manner. At the top, PI is guided by economic, environmental, and social goals, all aimed at achieving efficiency and sustainability. These goals are translated into core logistics activities—moving, storing, realizing, supplying, and using goods—each supported by dedicated logistics webs that together form an integrated logistic web. The framework emphasizes open, global, and system-based operations, enabled through universal interconnectivity across physical, operational, and digital layers. Standardized encapsulation, interfaces, and protocols, supported by technology, business, and infrastructure, ultimately drive innovation in logistics systems.PI foundations framework. Adopted from – Montreuil et al. (2013)