The model combines a T B P section and an N A M section. The T B P section contains intention to adopt C E, I N, attitude, A, subjective norms, S N, and perceived behavioural control, P B C. Attitude contains indicators A 1, A 2, and A 3. Subjective norms contain S N 1, S N 2, and S N 3. Perceived behavioural control contains P B C 1, P B C 2, P B C 3, and P B C 4. The N A M section contains personal norms, P N, awareness of consequences, A C, and ascribed responsibility, A R. Personal norms contain P N 1, P N 2, and P N 3. Awareness of consequences contains A C 1, A C 2, and A C 3. Ascribed responsibility contains A R 1, A R 2, and A R 3. Arrows marked H 1 through H 5 connect attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control with one another and with intention to adopt C E. Arrows marked H 6 through H 9 connect personal norms, awareness of consequences, and ascribed responsibility with one another and with intention. Awareness of consequences connects to ascribed responsibility through H 7. Ascribed responsibility connects to personal norms through H 8. Arrows marked H 10 through H 13 connect the N A M constructs with the T B P constructs and intention. Six intervention groups connect with multiple behavioural and normative constructs. Policy includes waste laws and mandates, C E legislation, and phased C E targets. Economic instruments include landfill levies and penalties, grants and tax credits, and procurement rules. Business and technology include B I M and waste tracking, material exchange platforms, and design for deconstruction. Education and training include training programmes, awareness campaigns, and pilot and demonstration projects. Certification and ratings include Green Star and B R E E A M, L C A and E I A tools, and the national E P D database. Research and development include C R C for low carbon living, industry and academia collaboration, and research and development hubs.Theoretical framework to change the behaviour of stakeholders to adopt CE for CDWM
Note(s): A1: Perceived cost, A2: Perceived environmental benefits, A3: Policy objectives, SN1: Pressure from peers, SN2: Pressure from the government, SN3: Pressure from the public, PBC1: Skills and training, PBC2: Financial incentives, PBC3: Accessibility of infrastructure, PBC4: Regulations, IN1: Very strong intention, IN2: Strong intention, IN3: Moderate intention, IN4: Weak intention, IN5: Very weak intention, PN1: Personal sustainability and commitment, PN2: Balance between short term and long term consideration, PN3: Environmental perception, AC1: Knowledge of the environmental benefits, AC2: Economic advantages, AC3: Awareness of social implications, AR1: clarity of mandates and guidelines, AR2: Consideration of social impacts, AR3: Understanding of resource depletion, H1: Attitude towards adopting CE has a substantial positive impact on the intention to adopt CE. H2: Subjective norms have a substantial positive impact on the intention to adopt CEs. H3: Subjective norms have a substantial positive impact on attitudes towards CE adoption. H4: Subjective norms have a substantial positive impact on perceived behavioural control. H5: Perceived behavioural control has a substantial positive impact on the intention to adopt CE. H6: Personal norms have a substantial positive impact on the intention to adopt CE. H7: Awareness of consequences has a substantial positive impact on ascribed responsibility. H8: Ascribed responsibility has a substantial positive impact on personal norms. H9: Subjective norms have a substantial positive impact on personal norms. H10: Awareness of consequences has a substantial positive impact on the attitude towards CE adoption. H11: Awareness of consequences has a substantial positive impact on subjective norms. H12: Awareness of consequences has a substantial positive impact on the intention to adopt CE. H13: Ascribed Responsibility has a substantial positive impact on the intention to adopt CE
Source: Authors: Adopted from Ajzen (1991) and Schwartz (1977)