Figure 1.
The conceptual framework groups emergency response factors into Technical components and Non-technical components, both contributing to Outcomes of emergency response. Technical components include Knowledge of risk, Monitoring of emergency response, and Forecasting of emergency response. Non-technical components include warning dissemination and communication, Preparedness of emergency response, Response capabilities of emergency response, and Recovery capabilities of emergency response. Arrows from all components point towards the central outcome element labelled Outcomes of emergency response.Proposed emergency response framework
Source: Authors’ Construct, 2025