Figure 11.
Panel a presents a cylindrical chamber lifted by a crane hook and chains inside a test rig. Panel b presents a jack positioned above a vertical cylindrical test component. Panel c presents the same loading arrangement with a vertical alignment line through the component and lower fixture. Panel d presents the cylindrical component in close contact with a flat surface, with granular material around its base.(a) Placement of soil model on the swing; (b) 1 g pile jacking; (c) connection to the actuator; and (d) embedded pile into the soil