Figure 2
Two line graphs showing employment rates by age of youngest child and number of children for men and women across different years.Two line graphs compare employment rates by age of youngest child and number of children for men and women across different years. The first graph shows employment rates by age of the youngest child, with solid lines representing women and dashed lines representing men. The second graph shows employment rates by the number of children, again with solid lines for women and dashed lines for men. Each line represents data from different years: 1989, 1999, 2009, and 2019. The x-axis of the first graph represents the age of the youngest child, while the y-axis represents employment rates. The x-axis of the second graph represents the number of children, while the y-axis represents employment rates. The graphs illustrate trends and differences in employment rates over time and across different family structures.

Parents’ employment and demographic characteristics. Notes: This figure presents female and male employment rates across different censuses: 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019. Panel (a) illustrates employment rates by age of the youngest child, while Panel (b) shows employment rates by the number of children. Female employment rates (solid lines) and male employment rates (dashed lines) are shown separately for each cohort. Source: Authors’ illustration

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