Figure 1
The vertical axis is labeled “Gross N P As (Million I N R)” and ranges from 0 to 500000 in increments of 100000 units. The horizontal axis includes years from 2004 to 2024 in increments of 1 year. The chart displays x-shaped data points representing yearly values of gross N, P As, and a straight trend line showing the overall increase across time. Data points begin near 20,000 to 30,000 between 2004 and 2008, increase gradually to around 80,000 by 2013, and continue rising to 150,000 by 2015. Values then increase sharply, reaching 350,000 in 2017 and peaking near 520,000 in 2018. After 2018, values decreased from 470,000 in 2019 to 330,000 in 2023, ending near 310,000 in 2024. A single highlighted point appears around 2017, near 230,000. The fitted line shows a steady upward trend across the entire period. Note: All numerical data values are approximated.Trend in gross NPAs (2004–2024). Note: Figure generated by the author The scatter plot displays gross NPAs by year along with the fitted regression line, capturing the upward trend through 2018 and the subsequent decline reflecting structural reforms