Figure 1
A butterfly diagram of circularity loops representing the circular economy. The diagram is divided into two main sections: renewables flow management and stock management. The renewables flow management section includes farming/collection, biochemical feedstock, parts manufacturer, product manufacturer, service provider, user, and consumer. The stock management section includes recycle, refurbish/remanufacture, reuse/redistribute, maintain/prolong, and share. The biosphere is depicted as a central element, with biogas and anaerobic digestion processes feeding back into the system. The diagram shows the flow of materials and processes involved in maintaining and optimizing the use of resources. Arrows indicate the direction of flow and the relationships between different components. The overall structure emphasizes the importance of minimizing systemic leakage and negative externalities.Butterfly diagram of circularity loops by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Link to the website, Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2021)