Figure 2
The diagram illustrates the 10R strategies for a circular economy, divided into three main categories: short loops, medium loops, and long loops. The strategies are listed from R0 to R9. R0 Refuse involves preventing the use of products and raw materials in the creation of goods, processes, and services. R1 Rethink focuses on reconsidering ownership, use, and maintenance of products. R2 Reduce aims to decrease the use of raw materials in products and services. R3 Reuse involves the secondary use of products by another owner for the same intended purpose. R4 Repair focuses on maintaining and repairing existing products for extended use. R5 Refurbish involves restoring and improving products to a satisfactory condition for extended use. R6 Remanufacture aims to make more products with the same purpose using discarded products or parts. R7 Repurpose involves making new products with a different purpose using discarded products or parts. R8 Recycle: Processes materials to obtain secondary raw materials of equal or lower quality. R9 Recover processes waste to recover energy.The 10R framework of the circular economy. Link to the website, Bouguern (2024)