Figure 4
The diagram illustrates the Q-EDCE framework, which integrates circular economy principles into ERP systems. It is divided into three layers: the Strategic Layer, the Operational Layer, and the Measurement Layer. The Strategic Layer establishes the vision using the 9R framework and paradigm shifts like Product-as-a-Service. The Operational Layer includes Circular Workflows, which map circular workflows to ERP modules like Reverse Logistics and Manufacturing Execution Systems, and Value Retention Processes (VRPs), which manage product lifecycles through Return Material Authorization (RMA) and reconditioning planning. The Measurement Layer features Automated ESG Reporting, which automates ESG reporting by calculating Sustainability KPIs (S-KPIs) from real-time transactional data. It also includes Real-Time Data Integration, where manufacturing data flows from shop-floor machines through MES to the ERP and LCA tools.The Q-EDCE framework: integrating circular economy into ERP systems