Note: LES is large-emitter system. The emissions shares are a best-case scenario in the absence of data on emissions by source cross-tabulated with the policy gaps in Table 1. The ‘not-regulated’ category is an underestimate of indeterminate size. Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, PEI and the territories do not have oil and gas production facilities of sufficient size to be subject to the federal OBPS or provincial large emitter systems; these systems apply to refineries and transmission pipelines in those provinces.

Source: Authors’ calculations using Environment and Climate Change Canada (2022c) and Table 1.