Note: The emissions shares are a best-case scenario in the absence of data on emissions by source cross-tabulated with the policy gaps in Table 2. The ‘not-regulated’ category is an underestimate of indeterminate size. Indirectly regulated includes emissions covered by either provincial or federal offset protocols. Excludes stationary combustion emissions in pulp and paper. All BC (one) and Quebec (16) registered offset projects are capture and flare, not capture and use.

Source: Authors’ calculations using Environment and Climate Change Canada (2022c), Alberta Carbon Registries (n.d.a), Government of British Columbia (n.d.a), Ministère de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques (n.d.) and Table 2.