Figure 1
The diagram illustrates the logistics implications when combining forward and reverse logistics operations, focusing on their relationship to the existing linear logistics system. At the top, the diagram highlights the economic viability of circular business models. Below this, the main section is divided into two perspectives: the extension perspective on the left and the integration-oriented design perspective on the right. The extension perspective includes activities and capabilities such as understanding the true costs associated with collection, predicting and ensuring adequate resource capacities, developing and embracing sorting capabilities, keeping track of sorted products, establishing new operational activities and processes, ensuring the availability of spare parts, and establishing new complementary sales channels. The integration-oriented design perspective is divided into logistics infrastructure integration and strategic decision-making and configuration.The logistics implications and their relationship to existing linear logistics system