Figure 4
A heat map displays the geographic distribution of Nobel laureate affiliations by country and prize category. The map uses a color gradient from light yellow to dark red to indicate the number of laureates, with darker colors representing higher numbers. The countries listed include the USA, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Sweden, Japan, Canada, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Italy, Russia, Austria, Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary, Norway, Denmark, Prussia, China, Scotland, and Australia. The prize categories are Chemistry, Economic Sciences, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine. The USA has the highest number of laureates across all categories, particularly in Chemistry, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine. The United Kingdom, Germany, and France also have significant numbers of laureates, with notable concentrations in specific categories. The color intensity varies, with the USA showing the darkest reds, indicating the highest values.Geographic distribution of Nobel laureate affiliations 1901 onward (partial)