Figure 3.
The cross-section depicts a groundwater pumping system within an excavation, showing the original groundwater level and the lowered groundwater level as pumping occurs. Arrows indicate groundwater replenished by recharge from infiltration at the surface. A central box labelled Groundwater pumping system shows energy input for pumping and pumped water flow. Sloping groundwater lines illustrate hydraulic gradients driving groundwater flow from distant parts of the aquifer towards the excavation, with annotations explaining the movement and system behaviour.Conceptual view of pumped groundwater-control system