Figure 1
A conceptual model diagram illustrating the relationships between workplace ostracism, organization-based self-esteem, thriving at work, extra-role behaviors, and job seniority. The diagram features several labeled boxes connected by arrows, indicating the flow and relationships between different concepts. Workplace ostracism is positioned on the left and connects to two central concepts: organization-based self-esteem and thriving at work. Organization-based self-esteem is influenced by job seniority, as indicated by a dashed arrow. Thriving at work is further divided into learning and vitality. Extra-role behaviors, located on the right, are influenced by both organization-based self-esteem and thriving at work. Extra-role behaviors then lead to creative and proactive behaviors. The arrows between the boxes are labeled with hypotheses (H1, H2a, H2b, H3a, H3b, and H4), indicating the proposed relationships and effects between the concepts.The conceptual model. Source: Authors' own work