Figure 1.
The workflow is organised into three horizontal phases labelled Assembling, Arranging, and Assessing. Under Assembling, Identification Stage 1 lists review domain as A I in Property Valuation, research questions as Stakeholder Needs or Trust Factors, and source quality as peer reviewed publications and conference proceedings. A right pointing arrow leads to Acquisition Stage 2, which lists the search period as 2018 to 2025, database used as Scopus and snowballing techniques with n equals 1,118, and keywords including Proptech, Smart Real Estate, Real Estate, Property Valuation, Artificial Intelligence, A I, Machine Learning, and Predictive Analytics. Under Arranging, Organisation Stage 3 lists inclusion criteria through organising codes covering stakeholder categories including buyers, investors, policymakers, and valuers, A I techniques including M L models R F, S V M, G B M, A N N, and C N N, and trust factors including transparency, explainability, and fairness. A left pointing arrow leads to Purification Stage 4, which includes research related to property valuation and A I technologies, English language papers, and papers published between 2018 and 2025. It states articles remaining after filtering as n equals 743. Exclusion criteria include studies irrelevant to A I driven property valuation, studies not involving A I or M L applications in valuation, and studies related to intellectual property. It lists records excluded after screening as 560, full text eligibility assessment as 183 articles, and further exclusion based on A I relevance as 144 articles. Under Assessing, Evaluation Stage 5 lists thematic analysis as the analysis method, Rayyan and N Vivo as the tools used, total articles included in the final review as 39, and total inclusion through snowballing as 44. A right pointing arrow leads to Reporting Stage 6, which lists reporting conventions as figures, tables, and a conceptual framework, and limitations as potential database limitations and language constraints with only English articles.SPAR-SLR review protocol stages