Figure 11
The central H S C M L development agenda connects three groups of research gaps. Data-related gaps include D 1, absence of systematic data quality evaluation frameworks; D 2, lack of semantic examination and compatibility for data fusion; D 3, opaque data processing pipelines; D 4, hidden biases and conflation of data quality with model performance; and D 5, lack of frameworks for collaborative H S C M L. Context-related gaps include C 1, underrepresentation of L D C s despite higher vulnerabilities and barriers; C 2, neglected slow-onset, human-made and complex multi-event disasters; C 3, neglected recovery and mitigation phases and strategic sustainability and resilience; and C 4, underexplored humanitarian supply chain functions in procurement and finance. Model-related gaps include M 1, technical dominance with limited humanitarian supply chain integration; M 2, mismatch between rationale generality and technique specificity; M 3, limited explainability; M 4, limited operational sustainability and readiness; and M 5, limitations in uncertainty quantification and expression. Surrounding boxes propose priorities including data quality standards, interoperable data systems, transparent processing pipelines, bias investigation, collaborative data sharing, resource-constrained M L development, broader disaster coverage, recovery and resilience modelling, procurement optimisation, domain expertise, explainability frameworks, operational readiness and uncertainty-aware H S C M L.Research agenda for HSCML based on review results
Source: Authors’ own work