Figure 10
The visual consists of four contour plots arranged in a two-by-two layout, with a color scale shown on the left. On the left side, a vertical color scale labeled “N T 11” displays values ranging from 20.0 to 24.0 with an interval of 0.3 from bottom to top. The colors transition from red at the top through orange, yellow, and green to blue at the bottom. Each panel shows a square plate oriented as a diamond, with four circular regions at the corners and four small regions inside the plate. The central region in all panels appears predominantly orange, while the edges display layered contour bands progressing through yellow and green toward cooler tones near the boundary. Red regions are concentrated at the circular corner zones. In the top left panel, labeled “Edge size 30 millimeters”, with “approximately equals 2,600 elements” and “approximately equals 18,600 D O F s”, the contour bands appear relatively broad and less dense. The transition from the central orange region to the edge bands occurs in fewer steps, and the boundary bands are thicker. The circular corner regions show red zones with surrounding narrow bands that are less finely resolved. In the top right panel, labeled “Edge size 20 millimeters”, with “approximately equals 5,600 elements” and “approximately equals 38,900 D O F s”, the contour bands become more defined. Additional intermediate bands appear between the central orange region and the edges. The boundary regions show slightly thinner and more continuous banding, and the circular corner regions display more clearly shaped red zones with smoother surrounding contours. In the bottom left panel, labeled “Edge size 10 millimeters – present”, with “approximately equals 25,000 elements” and “approximately equals 150,000 D O F s”, the contour pattern appears more refined. The bands along the edges are thinner and more numerous, forming smoother and more continuous layers. Around the circular corner regions, the red zones are surrounded by multiple closely spaced bands, and four circular diamond-shaped regions are positioned near the center. In the bottom right panel, labeled “Edge size 5 millimeters”, with “approximately equals 88,400 elements” and “approximately equals 592,300 D O F s”, the contour bands are the most detailed. The edge regions show many closely spaced, thin bands forming smooth gradients. The circular corner regions exhibit clearly defined red areas with multiple surrounding contour layers. Four circular diamond-shaped regions near the center are more clear and smooth.Selected results from the preliminary mesh study for the thermal analysis of the BIPV tile (ABAQUS). Source: Authors’ own work