Figure 11
The visual consists of three panels labeled “(a)”, “(b)”, and “(c)” arranged from left to right, each showing a horizontal axis labeled “Total C P U time [seconds]”. In panel “(a)”, the vertical axis is labeled “Number of elements”, ranging from 0 to 4 times 10 to the 4 power with the multiples of 10 to the 4 power. The horizontal axis ranges from 0 to 2 times 10 to the 4 power with the multiples of 2. A series of red circular markers connected by a line shows an increasing trend from left to right. At very low C P U time, the number of elements is near a few thousand. As C P U time increases to around 4 times 10 to the 3 power seconds, the number of elements rises to approximately 2.2 times 10 to the 4 power, highlighted by a blue circle labeled “10 millimeters”. Further to the right near about 2 times 10 to the 4 power seconds, the value increases to around 3.5 times 10 to the 4 power labeled “5 millimeters”. Intermediate points are labeled “15 millimeters”, “20 millimeters”, “25 millimeters”, “30 millimeters”, “40 millimeters”, and “50 millimeters”, positioned along the lower-left portion of the curve with progressively smaller values. In panel “(b)”, the vertical axis is labeled “percentage of variation”, ranging from negative 1 to 3 with an interval of 1. The horizontal axis ranges from 0 to 2 times 10 to the 4 power with the multiples of 2. A legend at the top identifies a red line with circular markers labeled “Normalized deflection”. The values start near approximately 2.7 percent at very low C P U time, decrease sharply to about negative 0.2 percent, then approach 0 percent as C P U time increases. A blue circle highlights a point near approximately 4 times 10 to the 3 power seconds where the value is approximately 0 percent. The curve then remains nearly flat along the zero line toward higher C P U times. In panel “(c)”, the vertical axis is labeled “percentage of variation”, ranging from negative 30 to 30 with an interval of 15. The horizontal axis ranges from 0 to 4 times 10 to the 4 power with the multiples of 10 to the 4 power A legend at the top titled “Normalized stress” includes two entries: “Bottom glass” shown with red circular markers and “Top glass” shown with green diamond markers. At low C P U time, the red markers are around 4 to 5 percent and increases towards 10 percent and then move toward 0 percent as C P U time increases. The green markers begin near approximately negative 25 percent, increase toward 2 percent and then decreases to around negative 15 percent, and then approach values close to 0 percent at higher C P U times. Both series converge near 0 percent around C P U times between approximately 2.3 times 10 to the 4 power and 3.5 times 10 to the 4 power seconds, with one point near 2.3 times 10 to the 4 power in this region highlighted by a blue circle. Note: All numerical data values are approximated.Mesh study for the mechanical analysis (ABAQUS): (a) number of elements, (b) normalized deflection and (c) normalized maximum principal stress in glass, as a function of the total CPU time. The blue circle detects the presently chosen model (10 mm mesh size). Source: Authors’ own work