Figure 18
The horizontal axis is labeled “T subscript cell, avg [degrees Celsius]” and ranges from 0 to 100 with an interval of 20. The left vertical axis is labeled “G subscript int [megapascal]” and ranges from 0 to 20 with an interval of 4, and the right vertical axis is labeled “w subscript max (q equals 3 kilonewton per meter squared) [millimeter]” ranging from 0.4 to 2 with an interval of 0.4. A legend at the top lists “E V A (G subscript int versus T subscript cell, avg)”, “Exponential fit (G subscript int versus T subscript cell, avg)”, “Deflection (w subscript max versus T subscript cell, avg)”, and “Linear fit (w subscript max versus T subscript cell, avg)”. Triangular markers connected by a thin black line represent “E V A (G subscript int versus T subscript cell, avg)” start near approximately 10 megapascal at 0 degrees Celsius, decrease to about 5 megapascal near 20 degrees Celsius, then reduce to around 2 megapascal near 45 to 50 degrees Celsius, followed by a drop to approximately 0.5 megapascal near 70 to 80 degrees Celsius, and approach about 0.2 megapascal near 100 degrees Celsius. A thicker grey curve labeled “Exponential fit” follows these values, forming a smooth curve that decreases steeply from 0 to about 40 degrees Celsius and then gradually flattens toward the right side of the graph. Text near the lower left reads “ln (Y) equals 2.37 minus 0.038 X” and “R-squared equals 0.964221”. Circular markers represent “Deflection (w subscript max versus T subscript cell, avg)” and correspond to the right vertical axis. The values begin near approximately 0.6 millimeter at low temperature, increase to around 0.8 millimeter near 20 degrees Celsius, then rise further to about 1.37 millimeter near 60 degrees Celsius, and reach approximately 1.55 millimeter near 80 degrees Celsius. A straight red line labeled “Linear fit (w subscript max versus T subscript cell, avg)” follows these values, forming an upward sloping line from left to right. Text near the center reads “Y equals 1.175 minus 0.154 ln (X)” and “R-squared equals 0.9004”. A horizontal dashed line labeled “w subscript lim (floor)” is drawn across the graph at approximately 0.85 millimeter on the right vertical axis. Note: All numerical data values are approximated.Deflection analysis (in absolute value) for the examined point-supported BIPV floor (ABAQUS): variation of wmax (linear fit) as a function of the average temperature in the solar cells, Tcell,avg, and the associated shear modulus of the encapsulant Gint. Source: Authors’ own work