Figure 14
A line graph displays the evolutionary path under a nonlinear dynamic penalty mechanism. The horizontal axis represents time (t) ranging from 0 to 1, and the vertical axis represents the variable p ranging from 0 to 1. The graph includes three data lines labeled x equals 0.5, y equals 0.5, and z equals 0.5. The blue line labeled x equals 0.5 shows a decreasing trend, starting at around 0.5 and approaching 0 as time increases. The green line labeled y equals 0.5 shows a slight decrease, starting at around 0.5 and stabilizing just below 0.5. The magenta line labeled z equals 0.5 shows an increasing trend, starting at around 0.5 and stabilizing just above 0.6. Two data points are highlighted at t equals 0.971857, with p values of approximately 0.66482 and 0.546261 for the green and blue lines, respectively.Evolutionary path under nonlinear dynamic penalty mechanism