Figure 16
A line graph depicts the evolutionary path under a nonlinear dynamic reward-penalty mechanism. The horizontal axis represents time (t) ranging from 0 to 3, and the vertical axis represents the variable p ranging from 0 to 1. The graph includes three data lines, each representing different initial conditions: x equals 0.5, y equals 0.5, and z equals 0.5. The blue line with diamond markers represents x equals 0.5, showing an upward trend starting from approximately 0.5 and stabilizing around 0.86. The green line with square markers represents y equals 0.5, showing a slight upward trend starting from approximately 0.5 and stabilizing around 0.65. The magenta line with cross markers represents z equals 0.5, showing a downward trend starting from approximately 0.5 and stabilizing around 0.33. The graph includes labels for specific data points, such as X 2.87805 and Y 0.864839 for the blue line, X 1.68639 and Y 0.65443 for the green line, and X 2.74513 and Y 0.325632 for the magenta line.Evolutionary path under nonlinear dynamic reward-penalty mechanism