Figure 1
The flowchart illustrates the impact of lean tools on various operational and organizational outcomes. At the top, 'Employee Empowerment' leads to the use of 'Lean tools.' From 'Lean tools,' there are three main outcomes: 'Defect Minimization,' 'Productivity Increase,' and 'Quality Improvement.' 'Defect Minimization' leads to 'Customer Satisfaction.' 'Productivity Increase' leads to 'Process Efficiency.' 'Quality Improvement' leads to 'Waste Reduction.' The flowchart also includes hypotheses labeled H1, H3, H4, H5, H6, and H7, which connect different elements of the flowchart.Drive of lean tools on operational and organisational outcomes. Source: Framework prepared by a researcher based on basic concepts