Figure 3
The top section is titled Foundational Drivers Integrated and contains three rounded rectangles connected by double headed arrows. The first box is Internal Resources R B V with bullet points: Technological Capability; Skills, Knowledge, and Self-Learning; Narrative and Digital Capability, Storytelling, Branding; and Creativity and Innovation. The second box is Institutional Context Institutional Theory with bullet points: Learning and Institutional Support Programs, Networks, and Collaboration; Market Access, Regulation and Infrastructure; Digital Platforms as Alternative Institution, TikTok, Shopee, etc; and Global Market Information Access. The third box is Identity Social Identity Theory with bullet points: Resilience and Toughness; Gendered Entrepreneurial Roles and Self-Concept; Identity as Strategic Positioning, Branding and Legitimacy; and Constraints Awareness, Gender Norms, Structural Barriers. Four dashed arrows extend from this top section to a separate rounded rectangle titled Empirical Findings on the upper right. It contains four stacked boxes labelled Learning and Institutional Support in Strengthening Export Capacity, Self-Learning and Capacity Building, Community and Collaboration, and Resilience and Toughness as Key Gender Roles in Internationalization. Below the foundational drivers is a section titled Strategic Capabilities containing seven rounded rectangles labelled Quality and Innovation of Local Products; Utilization of Digital Platforms for Marketing; Logistics Capability; Raw Material Management and Quality; Market Selection Capability; Adaptive Pricing Strategy; and Risk Management Capability. A large downward arrow leads to Adaptive Internationalization Strategy, which contains four rounded rectangles separated by large plus symbols. The boxes are Export Strategy, Product and Market Expansion; Market Selection, Choose Countries that Fit Product Characteristics; Pricing Adaptation, Adjust for Tax, Shipping, Cost, Exchange Rate, Market Condition; and Risk Mitigation, Manage Logistics, Regulation Compliance, Market and Financial Risk. Another large downward arrow leads to Direct Outcomes, containing five rounded rectangles labelled Job Opportunities, Community Empowerment, Social Responsibility, Market Expansion and Competitiveness, and Brand Legitimacy in Global Markets. A large right pointing arrow connects this section to Transformational Impact, which contains the single outcome Women as Agents of Local to Global Economic Transformation. To the right is a separate rounded rectangle titled Interaction and Moderation Mechanisms Integrative Logic containing three stacked text boxes. The first states Identity moderates how women entrepreneurs leverage resources and engage in institutional work. The second states Institutions shape access to resources and influence strategic capabilities and internationalization choices. The third states Digital Platforms act as key enablers and mediators that facilitate learning, networking, legitimacy, and market access. Two large curved black arrows on the right indicate a continuous feedback loop around this interaction and moderation panel. Dashed connector lines extend from the Strategic Capabilities section, the Adaptive Internationalization Strategy section, and the Transformational Impact section toward the Interaction and Moderation Mechanisms panel, indicating these components are linked through the integrative logic.Integrated capability–institutional–identity framework for women entrepreneur internationalization
Source: Figure by authors