Figure 1
A conceptual framework diagram for outdoor recreation areas integrating health promotion, leisure studies, and sustainability scholarship. The diagram is structured into five interconnected domains: Access and Health, User Diversity and Trail Design, Gendered Participation, Specialised Users in Tourism, and Sustainable Park Management. Each domain is represented by a circle with key points and arrows indicating relationships and feedback loops. Health Promotion focuses on physical activity, mental health, wellbeing, and social connection. Leisure Studies cover leisure motivation, behaviours, experiences, and recreation specialisation. Sustainability Scholarship includes environmental stewardship, social equity, economic viability, and intergenerational responsibility. Cross-cutting principles include Equity and Inclusion, Community Wellbeing, Environmental Stewardship, Economic Viability, and Participation and Collaboration.Conceptual framework integrating health promotion, leisure studies and sustainable scholarship