Figure 8
The line graph consists of a horizontal axis which is labeled from left to right as follows: “January-2008”, “September-2008”, “May-2009”, “January-2010”, “September-2010”, “May-2011”, “January-2012”, “September-2012”, “May-2013”, “January-2014”, “September-2014”, “May-2015”, “January-2016”, “September-2016”, “May-2017”, “January-2018”, “September-2018”, “May-2019”, “January-2020”, “September-2020”, “May-2021”, “January-2022”, “September-2022”, “May-2023”, “January-2024”, “September-2024”, “May-2025”. The vertical axis on the left is labeled “Index (minus)” and ranges from negative 2.50 to 2.50 in increments of 1.00 units. The legend at the top includes four lines: a blue line for “Target”, an orange line for “Crude underscore Oil underscore Brent”, a grey line for “P C underscore 1”, and a yellow line for “P C underscore 2”. A horizontal line passes through (January-2008, 0.00) and extends across the graph to (May-2025, 0.00). The data from the graph is as follows: The blue line labeled “Target” begins at (January-2008, 0.10), passes through several points showing many fluctuations, including a dip to (January-2016, negative 2.10), peaks at (January-2022, 1.50), and then terminates at (May-2025, negative 0.50). The orange line labeled “Crude underscore Oil underscore Brent” begins at (January-2008, 0.50), passes through several points with many fluctuations, including a high peak at (September-2008, 2.40), a significant dip at (January-2020, negative 2.20), and then terminates at (May-2025, negative 1.20). The grey line labeled “P C underscore 1” begins at (January-2008, negative 0.20), passes through several points showing a sharp dip at (September-2008, negative 1.70), followed by a rise to its highest peak at (September-2020, 2.30), and then terminates at (May-2025, negative 0.40). The yellow line labeled “P C underscore 2” begins at (January-2008, negative 0.10), passes through several points showing high volatility with peaks at (September-2008, 2.30) and (September-2022, 1.70), multiple dips including one at (September-2014, negative 1.70), and then terminates at (May-2025, negative 0.70). Note: All the numerical data values are approximated.Results of PCA. Source: Authors