Figure 8
The diagram illustrates the process of infrastructure management and development, divided into three main sections: Levels of service (LOS), Asset maintenance obligations, and Infrastructure development obligations. The first section, Levels of service (LOS), includes Traffic management optimization, which uses historical data, real-time data, and predictive data. This section impacts capacity and LOS. The second section, Asset maintenance obligations, involves Maintenance planning and management, which also utilizes historical data, real-time data, and predictive data. This section addresses capacity and LOS gaps. The third section, Infrastructure development obligations, focuses on Investment planning and infrastructure development, using predictive data. This section aims to improve capacity and LOS. Arrows indicate the flow and interaction between these sections, showing how capacity and LOS gaps are addressed and improved through various planning and management activities.DSS and main managerial decisions. Source: Author’ elaboration