Figure 3
The figure shows four latent variables, each represented by an oval node with the following labels: “F 1,” “F 2,” “F 3,” and “F 4.” The “F 1” oval node is positioned at the top. From “F 1,” nine right‑pointing arrows arise and connect to nine rectangles arranged in a vertical series. These arrows are labeled, from top to bottom, “0.68,” “0.69,” “0.68,” “0.62,” “0.70,” “0.68,” “0.66,” “0.60,” and “0.53.” They connect to the rectangles labeled, from top to bottom: “A A F C 1,” “L E F H I 8,” “A A F C 8,” “A A F C 2,” “A A F C 5,” “A A F C 4,” “A A F C 3,” “L E F H I 2,” and “L E F H I 1.” On the right of these rectangles, nine ovals are arranged vertically and labeled “e 1” through “e 9.” Each circle has a right‑pointing arrow leading to its corresponding rectangle: “e 1” points to “A A F C 1,” “e 2” to “L E F H I 8,” “e 3” to “A A F C 8,” “e 4” to “A A F C 2,” “e 5” to “A A F C 5,” “e 6” to “A A F C 4,” “e 7” to “A A F C 3,” “e 8” to “L E F H I 2,” and “e 9” to “L E F H I 1.” The “F 2” oval node is positioned below “F 1.” From “F 2,” seven right‑pointing arrows arise and connect to seven rectangles arranged in a vertical series. These arrows are labeled “0.78,” “0.64,” “0.65,” “0.70,” “0.61,” “0.72,” and “0.50.” They connect to the rectangles labeled, from top to bottom: “P F H I 6,” “P F H I 3,” “P F H I 4,” “P F H I 7,” “P F H I 2,” “P F H I 8,” and “P F H I 5.” On the right of these rectangles, seven ovals are arranged vertically and labeled “e 10” through “e 16.” Each circle has a right‑pointing arrow leading to its corresponding rectangle: “e 10” points to “P F H I 6,” “e 11” to “P F H I 3,” “e 12” to “P F H I 4,” “e 13” to “P F H I 7,” “e 14” to “P F H I 2,” “e 15” to “P F H I 8,” and “e 16” to “P F H I 5.” The “F 3” oval node is positioned below “F 2.” From “F 3,” three right‑pointing arrows arise and connect to three rectangles arranged in a vertical series. These arrows are labeled “0.67,” “0.76,” and “0.54.” They connect to the rectangles labeled, from top to bottom: “L E F H I 3,” “L E F H I 4,” and “L E F H I 7.” On the right of these rectangles, three ovals are arranged vertically and labeled “e 17,” “e 18,” and “e 19.” Each circle has a right‑pointing arrow leading to its corresponding rectangle: “e 17” points to “L E F H I 3,” “e 18” to “L E F H I 4,” and “e 19” to “L E F H I 7.” The “F 4” oval node is positioned below “F 3.” From “F 4,” three right‑pointing arrows arise and connect to three rectangles arranged in a vertical series. These arrows are labeled “0.71,” “0.73,” and “0.43.” They connect to the rectangles labeled, from top to bottom: “A A F C 7,” “A A F C 6,” and “L E F H I 5.” On the right of these rectangles, three ovals are arranged vertically and labeled “e 20,” “e 21,” and “e 22.” Each circle has a right‑pointing arrow leading to its corresponding rectangle: “e 20” points to “A A F C 7,” “e 21” to “A A F C 6,” and “e 22” to “L E F H I 5.”From “F 1,” a double‑headed arrow labeled “0.66” points to “F 2.” From “F 1,” a double‑headed arrow labeled “0.64” points to “F 3.” From “F 1,” a double‑headed arrow labeled “0.73” points to “F 4.” From “F 2,” a double‑headed arrow labeled “0.36” points to “F 3.” From “F 2,” a double‑headed arrow labeled “0.37” points to “F 4.” From “F 3,” a double‑headed arrow labeled “0.55” points to “F 4.”Initial model. Figures by authors