Figure 1
The diagram shows two main sections connected by a right-pointing arrow. On the left, a box titled “Performance management G L P s (P M G L P s)” contains seven dashed rectangles arranged vertically from top to bottom labeled: “Form close relationships”, “Place environmental demands or require information”, “Education and training (including buyer or supplier development)”, “Contract agreement (including shared risks and benefits, contract duration)”, “Monitoring (including follow-up and report)”, “Performance measurements (including measurable goals, K P I s applied)”, and “Frameworks and routines (including standards and guidance from for example different organizations)”. The arrow points to a second section on the right titled “Transport G L P s (T G L P s)”, which contains six grouped boxes arranged vertically. The first group titled “Product and packaging design” includes: “Minimize waste transported”, “Modify packages to decrease volume transported”, and “Exchange physical products with digital solutions”. The second group titled “Green logistics structures” includes: “Number, location, and capacity of facilities (number of transportations and distance traveled)”. The third group titled “Green transport management” includes: “Scheduling of flows (for example, frequency, load size)” and “Consolidation or fill rates”. The fourth group titled “Green modal shift” includes: “Road to rail, air to sea” and “Intermodal transport”. The fifth group titled “Green vehicle technology” includes: “Greener fuels”, “Engines, power transmission, exhaust technology”, “Vehicle age”, and “Vehicle design (for example, aerodynamic profiling, low friction tires, double deck trailers)”. The sixth group titled “Changed vehicle operation” includes: “Driving behavior (even or lower speed, higher gears, idling)”, “Vehicle maintenance”, and “Platooning”. A right-pointing arrow from this section leads to a box labeled “Greener transportation”. At the bottom left, a box titled “Theoretical lens” with the subtitle “Factors influencing G L P uptake” contains five items: “Relative advantage”, “Observability”, “Trialability”, “Complexity”, and “Compatibility”.Framework for GLPs in green transportation and theoretical lens applied. Source: Author’s own figure