Figure 3
A network map showing keyword clusters by year, with colors from 2021 to 2023.The network displays multiple interconnected clusters of nodes, each represented by a colored circle with adjacent labels and connected by thin curved lines indicating relationships among keywords. A scale bar at the bottom right shows a color gradient transitioning from dark blue to yellow. The darker blue represents “2021.0,” and in increments of 0.5, the color transitions until yellow represents “2023.0.” The transition from dark blue to light blue corresponds to “2021.5,” light blue to dark green corresponds to “2022.0,” light green corresponds to “2022.5,” and light green to yellow corresponds to “2023.” At the center, the largest light green node is labeled “artificial intelligence.” Surrounding this central node are several interconnected clusters extending in multiple directions. Some of the prominent nodes from “2021.0” to “2021.5” are labeled “business,” “company,” “field,” “paper,” “research,” “person,” and “workforce planning.” Some of the prominent nodes from “2021.5” to “2022.0” are labeled “h r analytic” and “implementation.” Some of the prominent nodes from “2022.0” to “2022.5” are labeled “future,” “technology,” “organizational performance,” “study,” “challenge,” “firm performance,” “practice,” “human resource,” “process,” “development,” “opportunity,” “performance management,” “business performance,” “review,” “training,” “use,” “human resources management,” “recruitment,” “industry,” “adoption,” “performance evaluation,” “influence,” “artificial intelligence techno,” and “employee performance.” Some of the prominent nodes from “2022.5” to “2023.0” are labeled “company performance,” “integration,” “overall business performance,” “talent management,” “effect,” “article,” and “strategy.”

Overlay visualisation showing temporal evolution of keywords (lighter colours = newer studies). Source: Authors’ own elaboration using VOSviewer software (Van Eck and Waltman, 2010)

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