Figure 8
A line graph titled Walk-Forward Validation Performance. The y axis represents R2 Score ranging from negative 0.2 to 0.8. The x axis represents Fold ranging from 1 to 10. The graph shows a fluctuating trend in R2 scores across sequential folds. The R2 score starts at approximately 0.65 for fold 1, peaks at around 0.8 for fold 2, drops to about 0.1 for fold 3, rises to approximately 0.4 for fold 4, increases to around 0.5 for fold 5, remains relatively stable around 0.5 for folds 6 and 7, drops to approximately 0.3 for fold 8, slightly increases to around 0.4 for fold 9, and finally drops to around negative 0.2 for fold 10. All values are approximated.Walk-forward validation R2 scores across sequential folds showing performance variability over time. (Source: Authors’ own work)