Figure 11
A line graph titled 'Rice LSTM Training History' displays the training and validation loss over 100 epochs. The horizontal axis represents the number of epochs, ranging from 0 to 100. The vertical axis represents the loss, ranging from 0.05 to 0.35. The blue line indicates the training loss, which starts around 0.05 and gradually decreases, stabilizing around 0.05. The orange line represents the validation loss, starting above 0.30 and decreasing sharply within the first 20 epochs, then gradually declining and stabilizing around 0.18. The legend in the top right corner identifies the blue line as 'Training Loss' and the orange line as 'Validation Loss'.Training and validation loss curves for the rice (imported) lstm model showing stable convergence under extended training with early stopping. (Source: Authors’ own work)