Figure 3
The diagram illustrates the structural model results, focusing on the impact of human-machine collaboration (HMC) on sustainable logistics and supply chain performance (SLSCP) through operational efficiency (OE), resource efficiency (RE), and workforce capability (WC). The model includes one exogenous variable, HMC, and four endogenous variables: OE, RE, WC, and SLSCP. Arrows indicate the directional relationships between these variables, with numerical values representing the strength of these relationships. HMC influences OE, RE, and WC, which in turn affect SLSCP. Specific pathways and their corresponding values are detailed, showing how each variable contributes to the overall model. The diagram visually represents the hypothesis test results, highlighting the significant pathways and their impact on SLSCP.Structural model results