Figure 2
A line graph titled 'Average delay per instance for disrupted-operation instances' displays the average delay in minutes on the y-axis and the disrupted-operation instance scale on the x-axis. The x-axis includes labels S 1, S 2, M 1, M 2, L 1, L 2, L 3, V L 1, V L 2, and V L 3. The y-axis ranges from 0 to 600 minutes. The graph shows a single data line representing the average delay, which increases steadily from S 1 to V L 2 and then surges significantly at V L 3. The data points are as follows: S 1 at approximately 28 minutes, S 2 at approximately 50 minutes, M 1 at approximately 75 minutes, M 2 at approximately 100 minutes, L 1 at approximately 125 minutes, L 2 at approximately 150 minutes, L 3 at approximately 175 minutes, V L 1 at approximately 200 minutes, V L 2 at approximately 255 minutes, and V L 3 at approximately 655 minutes. All values are approximated.Average delay per instance for disrupted-operation instances (VL3 averaged over its nine solved instances). Both OPTIC and POPF generate identical coordination protocols with the same delay values. Delay grows near-linearly up to VL2 and surges at VL3, driven primarily by blockage resolution delay (cf. Figure 3)