Figure 1
A theoretical model diagram illustrating the relationships between different types of high-performance work systems (HPWS) and work engagement. The diagram includes three types of HPWS: ability-enhancing, motivation-enhancing, and opportunity-enhancing. These types of HPWS are connected to three mediators: self-efficacy, exhaustion, and ownership. Arrows indicate the directional relationships between these components. Ability-enhancing HPWS, motivation-enhancing HPWS, and opportunity-enhancing HPWS all point towards self-efficacy and exhaustion. Additionally, motivation-enhancing HPWS and opportunity-enhancing HPWS point towards ownership. Self-efficacy and exhaustion are directly connected to work engagement, indicating their mediating roles. The overall structure shows how different HPWS components influence work engagement through these mediators.Theoretical model. Source: Authors’ own work