FigureĀ 1
A conceptual diagram showing the U-shaped relationship between national governance and informal entrepreneurship (IE).Neither axis carries numeric values. A single continuous U-shaped curve falls from a high level of IE at low national governance, reaches a minimum, and then rises again as national governance continues to increase. A vertical dashed line at the minimum is labelled Regulatory effectiveness peak and divides the diagram into two sections. The falling left-hand section is annotated De-legitimation Mechanism, explaining that as national governance increases, social acceptability for IE decreases. The rising right-hand section is annotated Legitimation Mechanism, explaining that as national governance increases, social acceptability for IE increases.

How national governance enables IE via legitimation. Source: Authors’ own work

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