(a) Comparison of finite-element modelling (FEM) results with actual field settlement at in situ test site, 20 months after surcharge placement; (b) comparison of ultimate settlement by finite-element modelling with actual field settlement at in situ test site; (c) comparison of finite-element modelling results with actual field settlement at pilot test site, 32 months after surcharge placement; (d) comparison of ultimate settlement by finite-element modelling with actual field settlement at pilot test site